Following the outbreak of foot and mouth disease in cattle in KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, North-West, Gauteng and Free State province, there is a high risk of spreading foot and mouth disease (FMD) through the movement of cattle and other cloven-hoofed animals to other parts of the country.
The Western Cape Department of Agriculture is cautioning farmers about the risk of buying livestock of unknown origin.
According to state veterinarian Dr Vivien Malan, animals can spread the disease without showing any clinical signs of FMD as they shed the virus before any signs of infection can be seen.
FMD is a severe, highly contagious viral disease of livestock, including cattle, pigs, sheep and goats.
The virus is found in all body fluids, such as saliva, urine, faeces, milk and the air that diseased animals expel.
Animals contract FMD when eating or breathing in the virus from these body fluids.
People can also spread the virus through contaminated clothing, shoes, hands, equipment and tyres.
Sick animals get blisters and sores in the mouth and on the feet, making it difficult for the animal to eat and walk and often causing drooling.
As a result, farmers lose money because sick animals lose weight, do not grow, and produce less milk.
Young calves may also die.
Farmers can protect their livestock by applying biosecurity measures.
According to the department, the following guidelines can be followed to fight the spread of FMD:
- Be vigilant about where new animals come from. Do not buy animals if you do not know their origin or if they come from a place where they have had contact with other animals of unknown origin. Only buy from owners with known healthy animals, preferably that can provide a health attestation for their animals from a veterinarian.
- Keep new animals separate for two weeks and monitor them for any signs of disease before mixing them with the rest of your herd. Infected animals can take up to two weeks before showing signs of foot and mouth disease, so animals that look healthy are not necessarily safe.
- Do not allow your animals to have contact with animals belonging to other owners.
- Do not allow unnecessary visitors onto your farm.
- Disinfect hands, shoes, clothing, vehicles and equipment on entry to the farm and between groups of animals being kept separate.
- Report any signs of disease immediately to your local state or private vet. Do not move or sell sick animals.
In case of an emergency, please find the contact details of various veterinary offices throughout the country here:
state-vet-contact-list-february-2015.pdf (poultrydiseases.co.za)
