Despite the push for automation, only around 3% of global container terminals are either fully or semi-automated, according to Neil Davidson, a senior analyst for ports and terminals at Drewry Maritime Research.
“In theory, there is a large pool of terminals that could be considered for re-equipping with automation.”
But, said Davidson, automation was generally only suitable for large terminals given the nature of the equipment and the size of the investment required, making it very attractive in high-wage economies which then significantly reduced the pool of terminals available.
“However, there are other motivations at work that also play a role such as prestige and being at the forefront of technological development – as well as technological learning that is resulting in increased interest in lower wage locations.”
He said the best potential for retrofitting automation was in Europe and North Asia.
“China and the Middle East - even though they are low-wage economies – have a strong appetite for technological development,” he said. “North America, on the other hand, is challenging with only a medium appetite. Even though it is a high-wage economy that would be a push for automation it is counterbalanced by strong union opposition.”
To date, most of the 44 automated container terminals in operation were developed as new projects.
According to Davidson projects of this nature will decrease and in future there will be an increase in existing manual terminals being retrofitted – with automation as part of their major developments and overhauls.
